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Board of Directors

Board of Directors

PROCURE’s Board of Directors is composed of twelve members, in addition to our President and CEO, Laurent Proulx. They come from the medical, research, business, legal and other fields of expertise useful to PROCURE’s development.

CA JLT

Cédric Bisson, M.D. et LL.B.

President PROCURE


Partner, Teralys Capital.has extensive experience across Canada, USA and Europe creating, building and advising businesses in biopharmaceuticals, healthcare and the innovation sector in general. He is passionate about growing Canada as a premier environment for innovation, and during his entrepreneurial career as founder, investor or board member has structured and executed over $5 B in transactions.

Mr. Bisson is currently partner at Teralys Capital where he focuses on life sciences and healthcare investments, as well as growth opportunities. Teralys Capital is Canada’s largest private innovation-focused investor, financing funds and companies in IT, life sciences, and clean or industrial innovations, from early stage start-ups to expansion and growth.

He was previously managing partner for life sciences at iNovia Capital in Montreal, Calgary and the USA. Prior to this, he spent many years internationally at McKinsey & Company in New York City, Paris, Montreal, and Toronto.

Mr. Bisson obtained a M.D. degree from McGill University and a J.D. (law) degree from Universite de Montreal. In addition to his responsibilities at Procure, he is also actively engaged with Montreal InVivo, a life sciences and health technologies cluster, Grand Challenges Canada, a large impact-first organization supporting innovators in low- and middle-income countries and Canada, adMare BioInnovations, Canada’s life sciences venture, and finally most recently as co-chair of Canada’s COVID-19 Therapeutics Task Force.

CA JLT

Salvatore Guerrera

Vice President PROCURE


Sal Guerrera is the president and CEO of SAJO, a company he founded in 1977. In its more than four decades of existence SAJO has come to be known as an industry leader in the field of project management, design-build, procurement, and construction. Its integrated line of services, turn-key operations and advanced technological solutions have made it the provider of choice for blue chip clients whose high-end projects span across North America, Europe, and other international destinations.

As an experienced entrepreneur and private equity investor, Mr. Guerrera holds interests in manufacturing facilities and real estate development projects and is also Chairman of the SAJO Group’s investment holding company, Guerrera-Tedeschi Investments Inc. In addition to steering his multiple business endeavors, Sal Guerrera is known in the community at large for his intensive commitment to charitable causes and for spearheading notable initiatives in the health sector, primarily in the areas of cancer diagnostics and treatment as well as developmental disorders.

Mr. Guerrera’s passion for the arts is also well known and accounts for his philanthropic contribution to the Québec and Canadian artistic landscapes. Salvatore Guerrera was appointed a member of the Order of Canada in 2017.

CA JLT

Peter Mendell

Secretary PROCURE


Lawyer Partner, Davies, Ward, Phillips & Vineberg Peter Mendell is a partner specializing in international commercial transactions – principally mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures. He has benefited from his varied experience by leading major international mandates and assisting a large international clientele on five continents with particular emphasis in Europe, Asia and the Americas. As a consequence, Peter has acquired significant knowledge and experience in dealing with a wide diversity of cultures.

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Pierre Vallerand, CPA., CA.

Treasurer and President of the Audit Committee


Partner, Certification Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton Pierre Vallerand, Partner at Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton LLP, has over twenty years of experience in the audit of financial statements. He has acquired extensive experience with paragovernmental institutions in the health and social services, universities, colleges, school boards and municipalities as well as private companies in services, real estate and insurance.

In addition, Mr. Vallerand is the National Director of Professional Standards for RCGT for the Parapublic Sector Entities. Therefore, he is a recognized expert in accounting issues for health and social services organizations. He also serves on the Working Group on Educational Institutions of the Ordre des CPA du Québec. Mr. Vallerand acts as PROCURE treasurer and chair of the audit committee.

Armen G. Aprikian, MD, FRCSC

Member of the Board of Directors PROCURE


Medical Director, Cedars Cancer Foundation and Chief of Cancer Care Mission, Richard Tomlinson Chair for Urologic Research, Professor of Oncology and Urology at McGill University, McGill University Health Centre Dr. Aprikian received his medical education and general surgery training at the University of Sherbrooke. He went on to pursue his Urology Residency at McGill University in Montreal and continued his post-graduate training and research in prostate cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. An accomplished surgeon, teacher and researcher, Dr. Aprikian is pleased to be leading the Biobank Committee of PROCURE and serving as a medical advisor.

CA JLT

Jean‐Philippe Duchesneau

Member of the Board of Directors PROCURE


Business Developer and Web Strategist Jean-Philippe Duchesneau is co-owner of Voiles en Voiles and Groupe Écorécréo, two companies in the tourism industry. A lawyer by training, he began to practice law as a political advisor to the Minister of Justice and the office of the Deputy Prime Minister of Quebec. He subsequently practiced law as a federal Crown prosecutor before being appointed as an attorney for the United Nations (UN) in The Hague, Netherlands. In 2010, he founded a web agency specialized in web strategy and internet marketing. Jean-Philippe won the Attorney of the Year award in 2008 awarded by the Young Bar Association and was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012. He serves on the Board of Directors of the Service d’hébergement St-Denis and he joined PROCURE in 2015.

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Franco Niro

Member of the Board of Directors


President, Franco Niro Holdings Inc Franco Niro is a leader in the global footwear industry and a key collaborator behind brands such as ALDO and STUART WEITZMAN. With a strong entrepreneurial spirit, his career in fashion began at a young age and he spent almost 30 years at the Aldo Group as Executive Vice President and Partner. Later, he launched Stuart Weitzman brand across Canada. Since 2017, he has focused his time and energy on his other passion, real estate investments and development. Franco has 2 children and 5 grandchildren. He joined the Procure Board of Directors in 2016.

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Laurent Proulx

Chief executive officer PROCURE


As President and CEO, Mr. Proulx is responsible for the protection of PROCURE’s personal information and can be reached in this regard at info@procure.ca.

Laurent Proulx joined PROCURE as Executive Director in 2013 until 2017 when he became President and CEO of PROCURE. He is the co-founder of NStein Technologies, where he was Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer until 2008. Following a 48 year old diagnosis of prostate cancer, he imagine, design and organize the PROCURE Tour du Courage. Since its first edition in 2010, this three-stage cycling event alone has raised more than $2 million. On June 20, 2010, PROCURE awarded Mr. Proulx the Founding President’s Laureate for outstanding contributions to the organization’s activities. On June 28, 2010, the media in turn emphasized his fighting temper and his commitment by appointing him Personality of the week La Presse Radio-Canada. Barely a year after his operation, this determined triathlete successfully completed in November 2010 the Ironman of Arizona.

CA JLT

Marie-Claire Richer

Chair of the Nominating, Governance and Human Resources Committee PROCURE


Assistant Professor – Ingram School of Nursing – McGill University – General Director l’Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec, Marie-Claire Richer is the Executive Director of l’Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec, the largest professional order in Quebec with over 78,000 nurses. She holds a PhD and a master’s degree in nursing as well as a master’s degree in management (Henry Mintzberg’s IMHL). Her professional career is diversified and she has held positions as a clinical nurse and advanced practice nurse, notably with a clientele suffering from cancer. Her management career began at Proctor & Gamble as a manager in the educational services division for Quebec and Francophone Canada. As a senior executive for several years in the healthcare network, she has developed extensive experience in managing transformation of large organizations while having the ability to bridge the gap between practice and research, and vice-versa.

CA JLT

Joey Saputo

Member of the Board of Directors PROCURE


President of the Montreal Impact and Saputo Joey Saputo is the President of the Montreal Impact and Saputo Stadium. He was the founding president of the Montreal Impact in 1993, when the Saputo Group was the sole owner of the team. He was also involved in the sale of the club to a group of shareholders in 1999. In 2002, with the Impact becoming a non-profit organization, Joey Saputo played a pivotal role in the re-launch of the club and returned as President. He then spearheaded the construction of Saputo Stadium, the team’s new home, inaugurated at Olympic Parc Montreal, May 19, 2008. Joey Saputo was also very involved in the management of his family’s assets consolidated under Jolina Capital Inc., an asset management company. He is currently an advisor to Jolina Capital Inc., which is a shareholder and/or majority shareholder in various companies in the food, transportation, softwood lumber and real estate sectors. Joey Saputo is currently on the board of directors of the publicly traded company Transforce Inc. Father of 4 boys, he is recognized for his commitment to the community.

CA JLT

Jean-Luc Trahan

Member of the Board of Directors PROCURE


Accomplished Business Man Experienced manager, Jean-Luc Trahan, began his career in advertising and has managed his own advertising agency. He was also the assistant director of the Ministère de l’Industrie, du Commerce, de la Science et de la Technologie, chief of staff to the Mayor and the executive committee for the City of Montreal. More recently, he was CEO of the Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Québec, president of the Commission des partenaires du marché du travail (CPMT), and CEO of the industrial aluminum cluster AluQuébec. He has developed a proficiency in strategy, marketing, communication, and image management. Over the years, he has sat on various boards including the Canadian Cancer Society, the Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Québec’s Board of directors, the Father-Menard Foundation, the American Marketing Association’s Montreal chapter, and the Aéroports de Montréal’s Community Advisory Committee.

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Vincent Trudeau, MD., PhD., FRCSC.

Member of the Board of Directors PROCURE


Urologist, CHAUR, Trois-Rivières. Dr. Vincent Trudeau studied medicine and did his residency in urology at the Université de Montréal. He also completed a doctorate in biomedical sciences with a focus on kidney cancer. He is currently practicing as a urologist at the Trois Rivières Hospital Center afilliated with the Trois Rivières regional university with an interest in uro-oncology. An assistant professor at the Université de Montréal, mainly at the Mauricie campus, is involved in various spheres surrounding urology, notably as a medical advisor for PROCURE.

Nomination, Governance and Human Resources Committee

This committee, chaired by Marie-Claire Richer, evaluates the development of PROCURE’s policies and practices, and submits its recommendations to the Board of Directors. It presents its recommendations to the Board regarding the membership of new members to the Board of Directors and to the committees; monitors the application of the Board’s policies regarding the various human resources and compensation matters, acting on behalf of the Board as delegate and recommending relevant policy changes.

* External member

Audit Committee

This committee, chaired by Pierre Vallerand, is to support the Board of Directors in its responsibilities to ensure the financial health of PROCURE. It recommends policies with fiscal implications, analyzes issues related to financial performance and recommends actions to ensure a rigorous follow-up of financial reports and investments. He keeps the Board of Directors informed of PROCURE’s financial health and the financial risks the organization is facing.

Scientific Adviser

Dr. Abe Fuks, Professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, was appointed Scientific Advisor to PROCURE.
His role is to monitor the progress of research related to the PROCURE Biobank as well as other projects of a scientific nature.

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Dr Abraham Fuks, M.D./C.M.


Professor in the Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Oncology at McGill and member of the Clinical Trials Research Group. A graduate of the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University, Dr. Fuks was Chair of the McGill University Institutional Review Board for several years. He also has experience in teaching immunology, molecular aspects of malignancy and research ethics.

After training in Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology at the McGill University Hospital System, Dr. Fuks completed three years of postdoctoral training at Harvard University in the areas of immunogenetics and histocompatibility antigens. His research interests include the immunogenetics of diabetes, the biology of tumor-associated antigens and cell adhesion molecules, and the ethical aspects of trial design involving human subjects.

Board of Directors

Board of Directors

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The board’s important role

The role of the board of directors is to oversee and evaluate the organization with respect to its financial health, governance, and strategic direction, support the CEO in the effective management of the organization, and participate in promoting the organization’s mission within the community.

PROCURE’s Board of Directors is composed of twelve members, in addition to our President and CEO, Laurent Proulx. They come from the medical, research, business, legal and other fields of expertise useful to PROCURE’s development. We are privileged to count on the continued contribution of committed individuals, each bringing their unique expertise for the benefit of our organization.

In more detail

Partner, Teralys Capital

Cédric Bisson has extensive experience across Canada, USA and Europe creating, building and advising businesses in biopharmaceuticals, healthcare and the innovation sector in general. He is passionate about growing Canada as a premier environment for innovation, and during his entrepreneurial career as founder, investor or board member has structured and executed over $5 B in transactions.

Mr. Bisson is currently partner at Teralys Capital where he focuses on life sciences and healthcare investments, as well as growth opportunities. Teralys Capital is Canada’s largest private innovation-focused investor, financing funds and companies in IT, life sciences, and clean or industrial innovations, from early stage start-ups to expansion and growth.

He was previously managing partner for life sciences at iNovia Capital in Montreal, Calgary and the USA. Prior to this, he spent many years internationally at McKinsey & Company in New York City, Paris, Montreal, and Toronto.

Mr. Bisson obtained a M.D. degree from McGill University and a J.D. (law) degree from Universite de Montreal. In addition to his responsibilities at Procure, he is also actively engaged with Montreal InVivo, a life sciences and health technologies cluster, Grand Challenges Canada, a large impact-first organization supporting innovators in low- and middle-income countries and Canada, adMare BioInnovations, Canada’s life sciences venture, and finally most recently as co-chair of Canada’s COVID-19 Therapeutics Task Force.

President and CEO, SAJO

Sal Guerrera is the president and CEO of SAJO, a company he founded in 1977. In its more than four decades of existence SAJO has come to be known as an industry leader in the field of project management, design-build, procurement, and construction. Its integrated line of services, turn-key operations and advanced technological solutions have made it the provider of choice for blue chip clients whose high-end projects span across North America, Europe, and other international destinations.

As an experienced entrepreneur and private equity investor, Mr. Guerrera holds interests in manufacturing facilities and real estate development projects and is also Chairman of the SAJO Group’s investment holding company, Guerrera-Tedeschi Investments Inc. In addition to steering his multiple business endeavors, Sal Guerrera is known in the community at large for his intensive commitment to charitable causes and for spearheading notable initiatives in the health sector, primarily in the areas of cancer diagnostics and treatment as well as developmental disorders.

Mr. Guerrera’s passion for the arts is also well known and accounts for his philanthropic contribution to the Québec and Canadian artistic landscapes. Salvatore Guerrera was appointed a member of the Order of Canada in 2017.

Attorney and partner, Davies, Ward, Phillips & Vineberg

Peter Mendell is a partner specializing in international commercial transactions – principally mergers, acquisitions and joint ventures. He has benefited from his varied experience by leading major international mandates and assisting a large international clientele on five continents with particular emphasis in Europe, Asia and the Americas. As a consequence, Peter has acquired significant knowledge and experience in dealing with a wide diversity of cultures.

Partner, Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton

Pierre Vallerand has over twenty years of experience in the audit of financial statements. He has acquired extensive experience with paragovernmental institutions in the health and social services, universities, colleges, school boards and municipalities as well as private companies in services, real estate and insurance.

In addition, Mr. Vallerand is the National Director of Professional Standards for RCGT for the Parapublic Sector Entities. Therefore, he is a recognized expert in accounting issues for health and social services organizations. He also serves on the Working Group on Educational Institutions of the Ordre des CPA du Québec. Mr. Vallerand acts as PROCURE’s Treasurer and Chair of the Audit Committee.

Holder of the Research Chair in Urology and Professor, Department of Urology, McGill (MUHC)

Dr. Aprikian received his medical education and general surgery training at the University of Sherbrooke. He went on to pursue his Urology Residency at McGill University in Montreal and continued his post-graduate training and research in prostate cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. An accomplished surgeon, teacher and researcher, Dr. Aprikian is pleased to be leading the Biobank Committee of PROCURE and serving as a medical advisor.

Co-owner, Voiles en Voiles and Écorécréo Group

Jean-Philippe Duchesneau is co-owner of Voiles en Voiles and Groupe Écorécréo, two companies in the tourism industry. A attorney by training, he began to practice law as a political advisor to the Minister of Justice and the office of the Deputy Prime Minister of Quebec. He subsequently practiced law as a federal Crown prosecutor before being appointed as an attorney for the United Nations (UN) in The Hague, Netherlands. In 2010, he founded a web agency specialized in web strategy and internet marketing. Jean-Philippe won the Attorney of the Year award in 2008 awarded by the Young Bar Association and was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012. He serves on the Board of Directors of the Service d’hébergement St-Denis and he joined PROCURE in 2015.

President, Franco Niro Holdings Inc.

Franco Niro is a leader in the global footwear industry and a key collaborator behind brands such as ALDO and STUART WEITZMAN. With a strong entrepreneurial spirit, his career in fashion began at a young age and he spent almost 30 years at the Aldo Group as Executive Vice President and Partner. Later, he launched Stuart Weitzman brand across Canada. Since 2017, he has focused his time and energy on his other passion, real estate investments and development. Franco has 2 children and 5 grandchildren. He joined PROCURE’s Board of Directors in 2016.

As President and CEO, Mr. Proulx is responsible for the protection of PROCURE’s personal information and can be reached in this regard at info@procure.ca.

Laurent Proulx joined PROCURE as Executive Director in 2013 until 2017 when he became President and CEO of PROCURE. He is the co-founder of NStein Technologies, where he was Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer until 2008. Following a 48 year old diagnosis of prostate cancer, he imagine, design and organize the PROCURE Tour du Courage. Since its first edition in 2010, this three-stage cycling event alone has raised more than $2 million. On June 20, 2010, PROCURE awarded Mr. Proulx the Founding President’s Laureate for outstanding contributions to the organization’s activities. On June 28, 2010, the media in turn emphasized his fighting temper and his commitment by appointing him Personality of the week La Presse Radio-Canada. Barely a year after his operation, this determined triathlete successfully completed in November 2010 the Ironman of Arizona.

Assistant Professor, McGill University and Executive Director, OIIQ

Marie-Claire Richer is the Executive Director of l’Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec (OIIQ), the largest professional order in Quebec with over 78,000 nurses. She holds a PhD and a master’s degree in nursing as well as a master’s degree in management (Henry Mintzberg’s IMHL). Her professional career is diversified and she has held positions as a clinical nurse and advanced practice nurse, notably with a clientele suffering from cancer. Her management career began at Proctor & Gamble as a manager in the educational services division for Quebec and Francophone Canada. As a senior executive for several years in the healthcare network, she has developed extensive experience in managing transformation of large organizations while having the ability to bridge the gap between practice and research, and vice-versa.

Owner, CF Montréal and Saputo Stadium

He was the founding president of the Montreal Impact in 1992, when the Saputo Group was the sole owner of the team. He was also involved in the sale of the club to a group of shareholders in 1999. In 2002, with the Impact becoming a non-profit organization, Joey Saputo played a pivotal role in the re-launch of the club and returned as President. He then spearheaded the construction of Saputo Stadium, the team’s new home, inaugurated at Olympic Parc Montreal, May 19, 2008. Joey Saputo was also very involved in the management of his family’s assets consolidated under Jolina Capital Inc., an asset management company. He is currently an advisor to Jolina Capital Inc., which is a shareholder and/or majority shareholder in various companies in the food, transportation, softwood lumber and real estate sectors. Joey Saputo is currently on the board of directors of the publicly traded company Transforce Inc. Father of 4 boys, he is recognized for his commitment to the community.

Consultant, Strategy and Communication

Experienced manager, Jean-Luc Trahan, began his career in advertising and has managed his own advertising agency. He was also the assistant director of the Ministère de l’Industrie, du Commerce, de la Science et de la Technologie, chief of staff to the Mayor and the executive committee for the City of Montreal. More recently, he was CEO of the Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Québec, president of the Commission des partenaires du marché du travail (CPMT), and CEO of the industrial aluminum cluster AluQuébec. He has developed a proficiency in strategy, marketing, communication, and image management. Over the years, he has sat on various boards including the Canadian Cancer Society, the Manufacturiers et Exportateurs du Québec’s Board of directors, the Father-Menard Foundation, the American Marketing Association’s Montreal chapter, and the Aéroports de Montréal’s Community Advisory Committee.

Surgeon-Urologist, CHAUR – CIUSSS MCQ

Dr. Vincent Trudeau studied medicine and did his residency in urology at the Université de Montréal. He also completed a doctorate in biomedical sciences with a focus on kidney cancer. He is currently practicing as a urologist at the Trois Rivières Hospital Center afilliated with the Trois Rivières regional university with an interest in uro-oncology. An assistant professor at the Université de Montréal, mainly at the Mauricie campus, is involved in various spheres surrounding urology, notably as a medical advisor for PROCURE.

This committee, chaired by Marie-Claire Richer, evaluates the development of PROCURE’s policies and practices, and submits its recommendations to the Board of Directors. It presents its recommendations to the Board regarding the membership of new members to the Board of Directors and to the committees; monitors the application of the Board’s policies regarding the various human resources and compensation matters, acting on behalf of the Board as delegate and recommending relevant policy changes.

* External member

This committee, chaired by Pierre Vallerand, is to support the Board of Directors in its responsibilities to ensure the financial health of PROCURE. It recommends policies with fiscal implications, analyzes issues related to financial performance and recommends actions to ensure a rigorous follow-up of financial reports and investments. He keeps the Board of Directors informed of PROCURE’s financial health and the financial risks the organization is facing.

Dr. Abe Fuks, Professor in the Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, was appointed Scientific Advisor to PROCURE. His role is to monitor the progress of research related to the PROCURE Biobank as well as other projects of a scientific nature.

Professor in the Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Oncology at McGill and member of the Clinical Trials Research Group

A graduate of the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University, Dr. Fuks was Chair of the McGill University Institutional Review Board for several years. He also has experience in teaching immunology, molecular aspects of malignancy and research ethics.

After training in Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology at the McGill University Hospital System, Dr. Fuks completed three years of postdoctoral training at Harvard University in the areas of immunogenetics and histocompatibility antigens. His research interests include the immunogenetics of diabetes, the biology of tumor-associated antigens and cell adhesion molecules, and the ethical aspects of trial design involving human subjects.

PROCURE has adopted a code of ethics that sets out the standards of conduct supporting PROCURE’s mission and helps board members (directors), employees, contractors, and volunteers to understand the importance of protecting confidential information and when and how such information can be shared; and to recognize real and perceived conflicts of interest, so that they can take the initiative to disclose, manage, and resolve them.

 

Here are the various documents:

Board of Directors – Terms of reference

PROCURE has been operational since 2003. At the time of preparing this mandate, the organization is transitioning from a governance structure where the Board of Directors played a very active role, often seen in small start-up companies, to a more results-based role, with defined governance policies, focusing more on overall supervision, mission promotion planning, and oversight. Good governance practices must be based on effective communication of information as well as the respect for the specific responsibilities of the Board of Directors and senior management.

 

Audit Committee – Terms of reference

The purpose of the Audit Committee (the Committee) is to support the Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibilities to ensure PROCURE’s financial health. It recommends policies with fiscal implications, analyzes issues related to financial performance, and recommends actions for rigorous follow-up on financial reports and investments. It keeps the Board informed of PROCURE’s financial health and the financial risks the organization faces.

 

Nominating, Governance, and HR Committee – Terms of reference

The Governance, Nominating, and Human Resources Committee (the Committee) evaluates the development of PROCURE’s policies and practices, and submits its recommendations to the Board of Directors (the Board); it presents its recommendations to the Board regarding the admission of new members to the Board of Directors and committees; and oversees the implementation of the Board’s policies on various human resources and compensation issues, acting on behalf of the Board as a delegate and recommending relevant policy changes.

 

Formulation of directors’ expectations

The purpose of this document (the Policy) is to establish expectations and ethical rules to maintain positive, integral, objective, honest, and transparent contributions from the members of PROCURE’s Board of Directors, to preserve their ability to act in PROCURE’s best interests and mission, and to inspire absolute good faith in the public and particularly in PROCURE’s donors. All PROCURE directors are expected to act in a way that supports the highest level of scrutiny and inspires public confidence.

 

Code of Conduct

This Code of Conduct aims to present the standards of conduct supporting PROCURE’s mission and helps board members (directors), employees, contractors, and volunteers to understand the importance of protecting confidential information and when and how such information can be shared; and to recognize real and perceived conflicts of interest, so that they can take the initiative to disclose, manage, and resolve them.

Discover our animated video!

Symptoms, risk and screening
Are you over 50 years old, or have you been having urinary problems for some time now? This video is for you! Several diseases can affect your prostate, and it’s important to detect them early. Let’s take a closer look. 

 

Anatomy

What is the prostate

Illustration de l’appareil de l’homme pour un cancer prostate

The prostate is a gland:

  • Located between the bladder and the penis, just in front of the rectum;
  • Formed of 2 lobes which surround the urethra, a canal that runs through the center of the prostate, from the bladder to the penis, letting urine and sperm flow out of the body;
  • The size of a walnut, which grows larger in size in your forties;
  • That has a soft, spongy texture to the touch like a small, ripe plum.

The prostate is made of:

  • Gland cells that secrete liquids for ejaculation;
  • Muscle cells that participate in the evacuation of your sperm during ejaculation;
  • Fiber cells that maintain the structure of the gland.

Around the prostate, we find:

  • The seminal vesicles, glands that produce sperm and that are located on either side of the prostate;
  • The vas deferens, the tube that carries sperm from the testicle to the seminal vesicles;
  • The nerve bundles that control your bladder and erectile function and that are located on either side of your prostate.

Structure

Three main zones of the prostate

Illustration des 3 zones de la prostate de l’homme cancer prostate

Peripheral zone

  • The peripheral zone is the largest area of the prostate. It can easily be felt by the doctor during a digital rectal exam (DRE).
  • Most prostate cancers start in the peripheral zone.

Transition zone

  • This is the area located in the middle of the prostate, between the peripheral and central areas. It surrounds your urethra that runs through the prostate.
  • With age, the transitional area increases in size until it becomes the largest portion of your prostate. This is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or enlarged prostate.

Central zone

  • It is the part of the prostate that is farthest from the rectum. This is why prostate tumors located in this area can not be felt by the doctor during a digital rectal examination.
  • If the doctor is in doubt, the following information will help decide if additional investigation is necessary:
    • Your PSA level
    • Your age and family history
    • Your ethnic origin

Fonction

In short

Illustration d’une prostate saine cancer prostate

Your fertility and natural fertilization

  • It produces … a prostatic fluid rich in enzymes, proteins and minerals that nourishes and protects your spermatozoa.
  • It makes … a protein (APS) that is used to liquefy your sperm to facilitate the mobility of your spermatozoa.
  • It allows … ejaculation by contracting.
  • It promotes … fertility through its enzymes facilitating the penetration of sperm through the cervix.
  • It is not related to the mechanism of erection. Therefore, the origin of erectile dysfunction lies elsewhere.

Additional details

Exocrine Function

The prostate is made up of thousands of tiny fluid-producing glands. Specifically, the prostate is an exocrine gland. Exocrine glands are so-called because they secrete through ducts to the outside of the body (or into a cavity that communicates with the outside). Sweat glands are another example of an exocrine gland.

The fluid that the prostate gland produces forms part of semen, the fluid that carries sperm during orgasm. This fluid, produced in the prostate, is stored with sperm in the seminal vesicles. When the male climaxes, muscular contractions cause the prostate to secrete this fluid into the urethra, where it is expelled from the body through the penis.

Urine Flow

The prostate wraps itself around the urethra as it passes from the bladder to the penis. Prostatic changes can affect urine flow. Increasing the size of the prostate or muscle tone may impede the flow of urine due to the close anatomical relationship between the urethra and the prostate.

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

The prostate also produces a protein called prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is released with the ejaculatory fluid and can also be traced in the bloodstream. The testing of PSA levels in the blood is used to detect prostate cancer. The level of PSA in the blood is usually measured in nanograms of PSA per milliliter of blood (ng/mL).

A raised PSA level

Usually, a PSA rate of less than 4 nanograms per milliliter of blood is normal, but age should also be taken into consideration as PSA levels gradually increase with age. A rise in PSA concentration may indicate the presence of:

  • An enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
  • An inflammation or infection of the prostate (prostatitis)
  • A prostate cancer

Your doctor will have you undergo other tests to determine the exact cause of the increase in your PSA.

We are here for you

You have questions or concerns? Don’t hesitate. Contact us at 1-855-899-2873 to discuss with one of our nurses specialized in uro-oncology. They are there to listen, support and answer your questions, and those of your family or your loved ones. It’s simple and free, like all of our other services.

Also take the time to visit each of our pages on this website, as well as our YouTube channel, in order to get familiar with the disease, our expert lectures, our section on available resources, the support that is offered to you, our events and ways to get involved to advance the cause..

 

Staying Informed

Pages that might interest you
Want to know more? Just click on one of the links below.

The latest PROCURE news that might interest you
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The medical content and editorial team at PROCURE
Our team is composed of urologists, and nurses certified in uro-oncology with a deep knowledge of prostate cancer and other diseases related to the genitourinary system. Meet our staff by clicking here.

Sources and references

Last medical and editorial review: September 2023
Written by PROCURE. © All rights reserved

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