Increased risk of infection

You will be asked to monitor your temperature regularly and to inform your doctor if you notice wounds that are not healing. The increased risk of infection is due to the decrease in your white blood cells (neutropenia).

What you can do

• Wash your hands often and/or use an antiseptic gel.
• Immediately clean any cuts with soap and water, and apply antiseptic.
• Avoid crowds and people with infections.
• Trim your nails carefully to avoid cuts.
• Use an electric razor to shave.
• Wash and peel raw fruits and vegetables.
• Do not eat undercooked meat.
• Do not clean cat litter boxes or bird cages.

Fatigue

If you feel tired, take care of yourself emotionally and physically. Limit the number of visitors or the duration of visits and rest several times during the day.

What you can do

• Physical activity can help cope with fatigue.
• Try to conserve your energy by delegating as many tasks as possible or making them easier (e.g., sit down while preparing meals, get someone to drive you to your treatments).

Anemia

Chemotherapy causes anemia in some men. When the number of red blood cells or the hemoglobin concentration is low, the body tissues do not get enough oxygen. This results in fatigue and shortness of breath.

What you can do

• Iron supplements are provided in the form of tablets or directly intravenously, depending on tolerance and circumstances.
• The iron level can only be improved through diet when iron deficiency is due to an unreasonable diet. Eat a balanced diet. Follow your doctor’s and nurse’s instructions for appropriate nutrition and, if recommended, for nutritional supplements.

Gastrointestinal problems

Nausea and vomiting may occur within hours after your chemotherapy and usually last for about 24 hours. Medications can prevent these effects in many men.

Diarrhea may occur shortly after the start of your chemotherapy and may last up to two weeks after treatment.

What you can do

• Discuss it with your healthcare team. Medications may be prescribed.
• Ask to meet with a nutritionist if you haven’t already.
• Practice physical or relaxation activities (yoga, meditation) between treatments.

Mouth ulcers

Regular and thorough mouth hygiene can help prevent pain and reduce infection. The healthcare team provides guidance on the frequency of mouth cleaning and rinsing and on the products to use. Analgesics or special oral solutions may be necessary to relieve pain. A special mouthwash can help minimize them.

What you can do

• Avoid acidic, salty, sour, or spicy foods.
• Drink plenty of fluids. This will help heal the ulcers.
• Remove your dentures frequently to rest your gums.
• Keep your mouth moist. If your mouth is dry, suck on an ice pop or hard candy.

Nail changes

Nail changes are common during chemotherapy and can affect fingernails and toenails. Your nails may darken, yellow, become brittle, crack, develop ridges, or partially separate from their beds. Nail darkening usually fades a few months after chemotherapy.

What you can do

• Use a cuticle cream rather than tearing or cutting them.
• Protect your nails by wearing gloves when washing dishes, gardening, or doing other household chores.
• Most men do not have late effects after chemotherapy, but some may experience numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.