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FAQ

 

Questions to ask your doctor

Would this procedure or treatment put me at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19?
Is it necessary to have the procedure now or is it safe to wait?
Do you think we should delay this procedure? If so, for how long?
What precautions should I take when I come for treatment?
If I am immunosuppressed, do I need to wear a mask or gloves at home when I am with my family and others?
If I have questions about my treatment or side effects, who do I call?

 

 

Foire aux questions

Symptoms of COVID and Prostate Cancer (+)

I’m afraid I have a coronavirus – what should I do?

If you are currently receiving treatment for your prostate cancer, other than standard hormone therapy, and a fever, cough, or difficulty breathing appear, call your healthcare team. You will be told when you should go to the clinic or hospital, and when it is safer to stay at home. Follow the advice given to you. Government and distancing measures are even more important in your case to reduce the risk of infection.

Someone I live with has symptoms – what should we do?

If you are currently receiving treatment for your prostate cancer, other than standard hormone therapy, and someone with whom you live has a cough, fever, or difficulty breathing, try to keep as far away as possible and inform your medical team of the situation. Follow the advice given to you. Government and distancing measures are even more important in your case to reduce the risk of infection.

Are COVID-19 symptoms likely to be different if I have prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer does not increase your risk of getting coronavirus, or the risk of developing more severe symptoms. It remains relatively the same as for the rest of the population. Those at risk mainly concern the elderly – 70 years and over, and those who suffer from serious chronic health problems such as lung, heart or kidney disease, diabetes and various types of aggressive cancer.

The effects of the coronavirus may be more serious if you have prostate cancer and your immune system is compromised or weakened by treatment. These include:

  • If you are receiving or have received chemotherapy in the past three months
  • If you are participating in a clinical trial and receiving immunotherapy treatment
  • If you are receiving Radium-223 treatment

If you are undergoing or have recently had any of these treatments, it is very important to follow the containment procedures to reduce any risk of contamination. In addition, certain treatments, such as recent surgery or new generation hormone therapy (taken by mouth), could weaken your immune system, making you more at risk.

In addition to following government guidelines to reduce the risk of infection, we invite you to:

  • Stay at home
  • Limit contact with other people
  • Wash hands thoroughly and regularly with soap and water

If you are currently receiving or have already received cancer treatment, and are concerned about your risk of infection, talk to your doctor or members of your healthcare team. They will also keep you informed of any possible changes to your medical appointments and / or treatments during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Am I at increased risk for coronavirus? (+)

I had treatment for prostate cancer. Am I more at risk?

No. Prostate cancer does not increase your risk of getting coronavirus, or the risk of developing more severe symptoms. It remains relatively the same as for the rest of the population. Those at risk mainly concern the elderly – 70 years and over, and those who suffer from serious chronic health problems such as lung, heart or kidney disease, diabetes and various types of aggressive cancer.

I recently had prostate surgery

Normally you are no more at risk than the normal population. However, if you are recovering from recent surgery, your immune system may be weakened, making you more at risk. Follow government guidelines to reduce your risk of infection.

If you have had surgery to treat prostate cancer in the past and have recovered from the operation, this will not increase your risk of getting coronavirus. It also won’t increase the risk of more serious symptoms if you get a coronavirus.

I have had – or am receiving – radiotherapy

You are no more at risk than the normal population if you have completed your radiotherapy treatment.

If you are in the middle of radiation therapy, you may not be able to postpone. Your healthcare team will do their best to continue your cancer treatment while protecting you from infection, so don’t hesitate to ask questions. Follow government guidelines to reduce your risk of infection.

Treatment of metastases

Some men with advanced prostate cancer use radiation to relieve bone pain in certain areas of the body where the cancer has spread. Depending on the bone being treated and the dose of radiation therapy, this can affect the bone marrow, which can cause a temporary drop in the number of blood cells that help fight the infection. If this happens, it could mean that you are more likely to get infections.

Talk to your doctor, radiation oncologist or nurse if you are undergoing radiation therapy to treat symptoms of advanced prostate cancer and are concerned that you are at increased risk. They will also keep you informed of any possible changes to your medical appointments and / or treatments during the COVID-19 outbreak. In all cases, contact your medical team if you have signs of infection.

I am on standard hormone therapy (Éligard, Lupron, etc.)

Standard hormone therapy treatments do not increase your risk of getting coronavirus, or having more severe symptoms if you get coronavirus. This means that it is safe to continue receiving hormone therapy.

I am being treated with new generation hormone therapy (Xtandi, Zytiga, Erleada, Nubeqa)

Some new generation hormone therapy treatments can lower your immune system and therefore weaken you. It is of course not recommended to interrupt your treatments without prior consultation. If you have any concerns or questions, speak to your doctor. Follow the advice given to you. Also educate those around you. Government and distancing measures are even more important in your case to reduce the risk of infection.

I recently had – or I am receiving Radium-223

If you are receiving Radium-223 (Xofigo®) to treat bone pain caused by advanced prostate cancer, it can occasionally affect the bone marrow and increase the risk of getting infections. Talk to your doctor or nurse if you are worried. Follow the advice given to you. Also educate those around you. Government and distancing measures are even more important in your case to reduce the risk of infection.

I just finished a cycle of chemotherapy

The effects of coronavirus may be more severe if you have prostate cancer and your immune system is compromised or weakened by chemotherapy treatment. If you are receiving chemotherapy and have received this treatment in the past 3 months, it is very important to follow the containment procedures to reduce any risk of contamination.

I have metastases and undergoing chemotherapy or receiving Xgeva (or Zometa)

Doctors are well aware of the risks linked to treatment, the COVID-19 infection risk, but also the risks associated with stopping your treatment, especially on the progression of your cancer. If your doctor has not asked you to stop your treatment, it is because he considers the risk related to the interruption of your treatment greater than the risk of pursuing it.

If your doctor decides to postpone your treatment, it is because he considers the risk of stopping treatment much less important than the risk of developing a serious COVID 19 infection, which could be life threatening.

In all cases, active treatment for metastatic cancer is a risk factor for developing a more serious form of COVID 19 disease. Consequently, you are encouraged to be extra vigilant; it is important to respect confinement at home, to limit contact with loved ones and to respect hygienic instructions, in particular hand washing.

Talk to your doctor or nurse if you are concerned and contact your medical team if you have signs of infection.

I have advanced prostate cancer and I’m participating in a clinical trial

The clinical trial is expected to continue. Recruitment to a clinical trial is postponed. If you participate in a clinical trial, you are encouraged to be extra vigilant; it is important to respect confinement at home, to limit contact with loved ones and to respect hygienic instructions, in particular hand washing.

Talk to your doctor or research nurse if you are concerned and contact your medical team if you have signs of infection.

Precautions and guidelines (+)

What guidelines have been developed by cancer centers for the care of patients with prostate cancer?

The general guidelines for cancer centers are to sort out what type of treatments, surgeries, exams, medical follow-ups that may or may not be postponed to a later date, always taking into consideration the impact on your prognosis, your type of prostate cancer and the delays involved.

Rest assured, doctors are well aware of the risks linked to treatment, the COVID-19 infection risk, but also the risks associated with stopping your treatment, especially on the progression of your cancer. This is why an Oncology Vigilance Committee is in place and each patient file is combed through to determine whether or not there is an emergency to treat, in order to limit exposure to COVID-19.

What are the precautions / guidelines taken for the protection of patients in hospitals?

If an exam is to take place and an appointment is confirmed, or you need to initiate radiation therapy, don’t be afraid to go. The oncology centers have taken the necessary measures to ensure your safety. You will be informed of these measures and what you need to do before your appointment.

Treatments and medical follow-ups – What will happen and who will inform me? (+)

Will I receive my prostate cancer treatment as planned?

Not necessarily.

Rest assured, doctors are well aware of the risks linked to treatment, the COVID-19 infection risk, but also the risks associated with stopping your treatment, especially on the progression of your cancer. This is why an Oncology Vigilance Committee is in place and each patient file is combed through to determine whether or not there is an emergency to treat, in order to limit exposure to COVID-19.

For example, an aggressive prostate cancer or one at high risk of progression will be treated. However, if it is impossible to have access to surgery within an acceptable timeframe, several options can be considered, such as radiotherapy, or in the interim, hormone therapy to control the progression of the cancer and put it on hold before a surgery.

If your doctor decides to postpone your treatment, it is because he considers the risk of stopping treatment much less important than the risk of developing a serious COVID 19 infection, which could be life threatening. Fortunately, the majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed early, progress more slowly than other cancers, allowing flexibility in terms of treatment times, without harming you.

I was scheduled for surgery. Will it be canceled? Postponed? What will my alternatives be?

Currently, all surgical procedures are postponed in order to reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19. Prostate surgery involves a hospital stay, which could put you at risk for getting infected. As prostate cancer often develops slowly, so for many men, delaying or changing their treatment should not affect the effectiveness of their treatment in the long term.

However, if it is impossible to have access to surgery within an acceptable timeframe, several options can be considered, such as radiotherapy, or in the interim, hormone therapy to control the progression of the cancer and put it on hold before a surgery.

If your doctor has to delay or change your treatment, he will talk to you first and help you understand your options and why this is happening. Don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor about your concerns during this conversation.

If my treatment is postponed, can my cancer progress?

Fortunately, the majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed early, progress more slowly than other cancers, allowing flexibility in terms of treatment times, without harming you.

An aggressive prostate cancer or one at high risk of progression will be treated. For example, if tests show that your cancer is more likely to develop quickly or spread, your doctor will arrange to get you the treatment you need without unnecessary delay.

If your doctor decides to postpone your treatment, it is because he considers the risk of stopping treatment much less important than the risk of developing a serious COVID 19 infection, which could be life threatening.

If your doctor has to delay or change your treatment, he will talk to you first and help you understand your options and why this is happening. Don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor about your concerns during this conversation.

Could my treatment be stopped if I have symptoms?

If you are undergoing treatment in a hospital center, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy or if you are participating in a clinical trial, contact your medical team to inform them of your situation and follow the advice they will give you, in addition to following government guidelines.

I am waiting for an appointment to pass a scan, a scintigraphy, an MRI or other tests following my diagnosis. Could these exams be postponed? Who will inform me?

Yes, these tests could be postponed. The decision to maintain, schedule or postpone your additional tests will depend on the results of your biopsy and your state of health.

If an exam is to take place and an appointment is confirmed, or you need to initiate radiation therapy, don’t be afraid to go. The oncology centers have taken the necessary measures to ensure your safety. You will be informed of these measures and what you need to do before your appointment.

I’m waiting for an appointment for a biopsy. Could this exam be postponed? Who will inform me?

Yes, your biopsy could be postponed to reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19. The decision to maintain it would be based on your PSA and digital rectal exam. If it is to take place and an appointment is confirmed, don’t be afraid to go. The oncology centers have taken the necessary measures to ensure your safety. You will be informed of these measures and what you need to do before your appointment.

I am under active surveillance. Could my follow-up appointments be canceled or postponed?

To reduce the risk of COVID-19 exposure, your follow-up appointments will be postponed, especially if your prostate cancer is stable and not progressing, based on the results of your PSA tests.

I have to have PSA tests every 3 months. Where do I go and how do I proceed?

To reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19, and unless your doctor tells you otherwise, screening or follow-up appointments will be postponed, especially if your prostate cancer is stable and does not change, depending on the results of your PSA tests. Your medical follow-up appointments will be made over the phone, so you don’t have to go to a hospital or clinic. All this for your safety.

Urinary symptoms, risk factors for prostate cancer (+)

I have significant urinary symptoms. I also have a family history of prostate cancer. Where can I consult?

Consult if you have urinary symptoms or any other symptoms. The CLSCs and walk-in clinics are there for you, as are our nurses, specialized in uro-oncology, at 1 855 899-2873.

What should worried patients do? (+)

Who to contact? Where to go? What to do to occupy yourself?

If you stay at home (self-isolation) or move away from others (social distancing), you may feel worried or anxious about being alone for a while. You may also find it difficult or overwhelming to be away from family or friends.

It is a worrying time for everyone. It’s normal to feel anxious, stressed or even sad about what’s going on, especially if you have prostate cancer.

You can still talk to people over the phone or online, including family and friends, health professionals, and our nurses at 1-855-899-2873. There are people who can help you if you have a question or concern. You are not alone.

It may also be helpful to think about things you could do at home to keep you busy while you isolate yourself. You could try to get into a daily routine and keep things as normal as possible. This can help distract you. You may want to try some of the following tips, such as:

  • Trying to wash and get dressed every day, if you can
  • Calling family, friends, or neighbors to ask if they can buy the food and prescription drugs you need – most people who are well will be happy to help if you ask
  • Drinking lots of water and eating a balanced diet
  • Staying active by doing some gentle exercises at home if you can do it safely, such as stretching, yoga, light housework, or indoor gardening
  • Writing a list of things to do in your home, such as tidying up a closet or doing light chores
  • Continuing to do things you enjoy at home, such as reading, cooking or listening to music
  • Remembering to keep an agenda or diary, in order to remember to do activities that you enjoy every day

Taking care of yourself and staying busy is important during this time. Try to keep in touch with friends and family – remember there are always people who can help you, even if you are alone at home.

FAQ

FAQ

FAQ

Questions to ask your doctor

Would this procedure or treatment put me at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19?
Is it necessary to have the procedure now or is it safe to wait?
Do you think we should delay this procedure? If so, for how long?
What precautions should I take when I come for treatment?
If I am immunosuppressed, do I need to wear a mask or gloves at home when I am with my family and others?
If I have questions about my treatment or side effects, who do I call?

COVID Symptoms and Prostate Cancer (+)

I’m worried I might have coronavirus—what should I do?
If you are currently receiving treatment for your prostate cancer, other than standard hormone therapy, and you develop a fever, cough, or difficulty breathing, contact your healthcare team. They will advise you on whether you should visit the clinic or hospital or if it’s safer to stay at home. Follow the guidance provided. Government measures and social distancing are even more critical in your case to reduce the risk of infection.

Someone I live with has symptoms—what should we do?
If you are currently receiving treatment for your prostate cancer, other than standard hormone therapy, and someone you live with develops a cough, fever, or difficulty breathing, try to maintain distance as much as possible and inform your medical team of the situation. Follow the guidance provided. Government measures and social distancing are even more important in your case to reduce the risk of infection.

Are COVID-19 symptoms different for those with prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer does not increase your risk of contracting coronavirus or developing more severe symptoms. The risk remains relatively the same as for the general population. The main risk groups include people aged 70 and over and those with serious chronic health conditions, such as lung, heart, or kidney disease, diabetes, and various types of aggressive cancer.

However, the effects of the coronavirus could be more severe if you have prostate cancer and your immune system is compromised or weakened by treatment. This includes:

If you are receiving or have received chemotherapy within the last three months
If you are participating in a clinical trial and receiving immunotherapy
If you are undergoing treatment with Radium-223
If you are currently undergoing or have recently undergone any of these treatments, it is very important to follow confinement procedures to reduce any risk of contamination.

Additionally, some treatments, such as recent surgery or next-generation hormone therapy (oral), could weaken your immune system, making you more vulnerable. In addition to following government guidelines to reduce the risk of infection, we advise you to:

Stay at home
Limit contact with others
Wash your hands thoroughly and regularly with soap and water
If you are currently receiving or have received cancer treatment and are concerned about your risk of contamination, discuss it with your doctor or healthcare team. They will also keep you informed of any potential changes to your medical appointments and/or treatments during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Am I at increased risk of coronavirus? (+)

I’ve had treatment for prostate cancer. Am I more at risk?
No. Prostate cancer does not increase your risk of contracting coronavirus or developing more severe symptoms. The risk remains relatively the same as for the general population. The main risk groups include people aged 70 and over and those with serious chronic health conditions, such as lung, heart, or kidney disease, diabetes, and various types of aggressive cancer.

I’ve recently had prostate surgery.
Normally, you are not at higher risk than the general population. However, if you are recovering from recent surgery, your immune system might be weakened, making you more vulnerable. Follow government guidelines to reduce your risk of infection.

If you have had surgery to treat prostate cancer in the past and have recovered, it will not increase your risk of contracting coronavirus. It will also not increase the risk of more severe symptoms if you contract coronavirus.

I’ve had—or am receiving—radiation therapy.
You are not at higher risk than the general population if you have completed your radiation therapy. If you are in the middle of radiation therapy, you may not have the option to postpone. Your healthcare team will do everything possible to continue your cancer treatment while protecting you from infection, so feel free to ask questions. Follow government guidelines to reduce your risk of infection.

Treatment for metastases
Some men with advanced prostate cancer use radiation therapy to relieve bone pain in certain parts of the body where the cancer has spread. Depending on the bone being treated and the radiation dose, this may affect the bone marrow, leading to a temporary decrease in the number of blood cells that help fight infection. If this occurs, it could make you more susceptible to infections.

Talk to your doctor, radiation oncologist, or nurse if you are undergoing radiation therapy to treat symptoms of advanced prostate cancer and are concerned about increased risk. They will also keep you informed of any potential changes to your medical appointments and/or treatments during the COVID-19 outbreak. In any case, contact your medical team if you show signs of infection.

I’m on standard hormone therapy (Eligard, Lupron, etc.)
Standard hormone therapy treatments do not increase your risk of contracting coronavirus or having more severe symptoms if you contract the virus. This means it is safe to continue hormone therapy.

I’m being treated with next-generation hormone therapy (Xtandi, Zytiga, Erleada, Nubeqa)
Some next-generation hormone therapy treatments can lower your immune defenses, making you more vulnerable. It is, of course, not recommended to interrupt your treatments without prior consultation. If you have concerns or questions, discuss them with your doctor. Pay special attention to government and health authority guidelines. Also, raise awareness among those around you. Social distancing measures are even more important in your case.

I’ve recently completed a cycle of chemotherapy.
The effects of coronavirus could be more severe if you have prostate cancer and your immune system is compromised or weakened by chemotherapy. If you have received chemotherapy in the last three months, it is very important to follow confinement procedures to reduce any risk of contamination. Also, raise awareness among those around you. Social distancing measures are even more important in your case to reduce the risk of infection.

I have metastases and am receiving chemotherapy, Xgeva (or Zometa).
Your doctors are well aware of the risks associated with treatments, the COVID-19 epidemic risk, but also the risks of interrupting treatment, particularly regarding cancer progression. If your doctor has not asked you to stop your treatment, it is because they consider the risk of interrupting the treatment more significant than the risk of continuing it. If your doctor decides to postpone your treatment, it is because they consider the risk of interrupting the treatment much less significant than the risk of developing a serious COVID-19 infection, which would endanger your life.

In any case, active treatment for metastatic cancer is a risk factor for developing a more severe form of COVID-19. Consequently, you are encouraged to be extra cautious; it is important to stay home, limit contact with others, and strictly follow hygiene guidelines, especially handwashing.

Talk to your doctor or nurse if you are concerned, and contact your medical team if you show signs of infection.

I have advanced prostate cancer and am participating in a clinical trial.
The clinical trial should continue. It’s the recruitment for a clinical trial that may be postponed. If you are participating in a clinical trial, you are encouraged to be extra cautious; it is important to stay home, limit contact with others, and strictly follow hygiene guidelines, especially handwashing. Talk to your doctor or research nurse if you are concerned, and contact your medical team if you show signs of infection.

Precautions and Guidelines (+)

What guidelines have been developed by cancer centers for managing prostate cancer patients?
The general guidelines for cancer centers are to prioritize which types of treatments, surgeries, medical exams, and follow-ups can or cannot be postponed, always considering the impact on your prognosis, your type of prostate cancer, and the delays involved.

Rest assured, doctors are well aware of the risks associated with treatments, the COVID-19 epidemic risk, but also the risks of interrupting treatment, particularly regarding the progression of your cancer. That’s why an oncology vigilance committee is in place, and each patient’s case is thoroughly reviewed to determine whether there is an urgent need for treatment, limiting exposure to COVID-19.

What precautions/guidelines are in place to protect patients in hospitals?
If an exam is necessary and an appointment is confirmed, or if you need to start radiation therapy, don’t be afraid to go. Oncology centers have implemented the necessary measures to ensure your safety. You will be informed of these measures before your appointment.

Treatments and Medical Follow-Ups—What will happen, and who will inform me? (+)

Will I receive my prostate cancer treatment as scheduled?
Not necessarily.

Rest assured, doctors are well aware of the risks associated with treatments, the COVID-19 epidemic risk, but also the risks of interrupting treatment, particularly regarding the progression of your cancer. That’s why an oncology vigilance committee is in place, and each patient’s case is thoroughly reviewed to determine whether there is an urgent need for treatment, limiting exposure to COVID-19.

For example, aggressive or high-risk prostate cancer will be treated. However, if surgery is not accessible within acceptable timeframes, several options may be considered, such as radiation therapy or, in the interim, hormone therapy to control cancer progression and put it on “pause” before the planned surgery.

If your doctor decides to postpone your treatment, it is because they consider the risk of interrupting the treatment much less significant than the risk of developing a serious COVID-19 infection, which would endanger your life. Fortunately, the majority of prostate cancers are diagnosed early and progress more slowly than other cancers, allowing for some flexibility in treatment timelines without causing harm.

I was scheduled for surgery. Will it be canceled? Postponed? What are my alternatives?
Currently, all surgical interventions are being postponed to reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19. Prostate surgery involves a hospital stay, which could put you at risk of infection. As prostate cancer often develops slowly, for many men, a delay or modification of their treatment should not affect the long-term effectiveness of their treatment.

However, if surgery is not accessible within acceptable timeframes, several options may be considered, such as radiation therapy or, in the interim, hormone therapy to control cancer progression and put it on “pause” before the planned surgery.

My surgery was postponed due to the coronavirus crisis. Does that increase my risk of progression?
Prostate cancer typically develops slowly. For most men, delaying treatment by a few weeks or months will not affect the long-term effectiveness of their treatment.

If your doctor decides to postpone your surgery, it is because they consider the risk of delaying the surgery much less significant than the risk of developing a serious COVID-19 infection, which would endanger your life.

What about my next scheduled PSA blood test?
Some men with prostate cancer do not require treatment but are closely monitored with regular PSA blood tests (Active Surveillance). Similarly, after treatment, follow-up visits often include regular PSA blood tests to monitor for signs of recurrence. Depending on your current PSA levels and treatment plan, these tests can be postponed for a few weeks or even months without causing harm. Consult your doctor for guidance on this.

I have hormone therapy injections every 3, 4, or 6 months. Should I delay them?
If you’re receiving hormone therapy, postponing the injection for a few weeks shouldn’t cause harm. However, it’s recommended to contact your medical team to discuss this. If you are uncomfortable or worried about your injection schedule, feel free to ask your doctor or nurse questions.

I have a biopsy scheduled. Should I go? Will it be postponed?
Many prostate cancer diagnoses are delayed, and in the case of early-stage prostate cancer, a biopsy may be postponed, especially if a negative or slightly elevated PSA test led to the recommendation for a biopsy. The progression of prostate cancer is generally slow enough to safely delay a biopsy for a few weeks or even months.

However, depending on the type of prostate cancer you have or your rising PSA levels, your biopsy could be maintained. Your healthcare team will advise you of any changes to your biopsy appointment, if applicable, and how it will be conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic.

What if my appointment is postponed? Who will contact me?
Rest assured, your doctor or nurse will contact you to inform you of any changes to your medical appointments and/or treatments during the COVID-19 outbreak. If your appointment is postponed, it’s because they consider it less critical than the risk of developing a serious COVID-19 infection, which would endanger your life.

Additional Information - Your prostate

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How I coped with prostate cancer

A man with prostate cancer shares the challenges of his cancer experience.

Lire l'article
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Urologist’s advice: Treatments and information on prostate cancer

Learn more about the role of the urologist and the importance for a patient to gather adequate information after receiving a prostate cancer diagnosis.

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#

Prostate cancer: Tests, imaging and biomarkers

Discussion about the variety of approaches available to monitor this disease before, during, or after treatment.  

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Is prostate cancer hereditary?

Understanding the hereditary and genetic aspects of this disease can provide valuable information to both individuals affected and their families.

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#

Symptoms, risk and screening

Are you over 50 or experiencing urinary problems? Discover why early screening for prostate diseases is important.

Lire l'article
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Diagnosis and treatment

Recently diagnosed with cancer? Educate yourself to fully understand your situation.  

Lire l'article
#

The role of hormone therapy

Has your doctor recommended hormone therapy? This video is for you!

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States of prostate cancer following treatment

Do your recent tests show an increase in PSA levels? It could indicate a recurrence.

Lire l'article
#

External radiation or Brachytherapy?

Explore the benefits and considerations of each treatment option for prostate cancer to determine which might be right for you.

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#

Q-A – New therapies for advance prostate cancer

In this interview, we answer patients’ questions about new therapies for advanced prostate cancer.

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Genetic predisposition to prostate cancer

Although rare, some hereditary genetic mutations can increase your risk of prostate cancer.

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All about hormone therapy

Hormone therapy can reduce tumor size, control cancer, and prolong life. Is it the right treatment for your cancer?

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Active surveillance in 5 points

As surprising as it may seem, your doctor may prefer to wait before starting treatment.

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States of prostate cancer post-treatment

Gentlemen, you’re being treated for prostate cancer, and your latest blood tests show an increase in PSA levels?

Lire l'article
#

Your role as a patient

Have you been diagnosed with prostate cancer? Your role as a patient is essential throughout your journey.

Lire l'article
#

Me a guinea pig?

Did you know that participating in a clinical trial advances medical science and improves the lot of patients for future generations?

Lire l'article

Sources and references
Last medical and editorial review: April 2024. See our web page validation committee and our collaborators by clicking here.

Discover our animated video!

Symptoms, risk and screening
Are you over 50 years old, or have you been having urinary problems for some time now? This video is for you! Several diseases can affect your prostate, and it’s important to detect them early. Let’s take a closer look. 

 

Anatomy

What is the prostate

Illustration de l’appareil de l’homme pour un cancer prostate

The prostate is a gland:

  • Located between the bladder and the penis, just in front of the rectum;
  • Formed of 2 lobes which surround the urethra, a canal that runs through the center of the prostate, from the bladder to the penis, letting urine and sperm flow out of the body;
  • The size of a walnut, which grows larger in size in your forties;
  • That has a soft, spongy texture to the touch like a small, ripe plum.

The prostate is made of:

  • Gland cells that secrete liquids for ejaculation;
  • Muscle cells that participate in the evacuation of your sperm during ejaculation;
  • Fiber cells that maintain the structure of the gland.

Around the prostate, we find:

  • The seminal vesicles, glands that produce sperm and that are located on either side of the prostate;
  • The vas deferens, the tube that carries sperm from the testicle to the seminal vesicles;
  • The nerve bundles that control your bladder and erectile function and that are located on either side of your prostate.

Structure

Three main zones of the prostate

Illustration des 3 zones de la prostate de l’homme cancer prostate

Peripheral zone

  • The peripheral zone is the largest area of the prostate. It can easily be felt by the doctor during a digital rectal exam (DRE).
  • Most prostate cancers start in the peripheral zone.

Transition zone

  • This is the area located in the middle of the prostate, between the peripheral and central areas. It surrounds your urethra that runs through the prostate.
  • With age, the transitional area increases in size until it becomes the largest portion of your prostate. This is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or enlarged prostate.

Central zone

  • It is the part of the prostate that is farthest from the rectum. This is why prostate tumors located in this area can not be felt by the doctor during a digital rectal examination.
  • If the doctor is in doubt, the following information will help decide if additional investigation is necessary:
    • Your PSA level
    • Your age and family history
    • Your ethnic origin

Fonction

In short

Illustration d’une prostate saine cancer prostate

Your fertility and natural fertilization

  • It produces … a prostatic fluid rich in enzymes, proteins and minerals that nourishes and protects your spermatozoa.
  • It makes … a protein (APS) that is used to liquefy your sperm to facilitate the mobility of your spermatozoa.
  • It allows … ejaculation by contracting.
  • It promotes … fertility through its enzymes facilitating the penetration of sperm through the cervix.
  • It is not related to the mechanism of erection. Therefore, the origin of erectile dysfunction lies elsewhere.

Additional details

Exocrine Function

The prostate is made up of thousands of tiny fluid-producing glands. Specifically, the prostate is an exocrine gland. Exocrine glands are so-called because they secrete through ducts to the outside of the body (or into a cavity that communicates with the outside). Sweat glands are another example of an exocrine gland.

The fluid that the prostate gland produces forms part of semen, the fluid that carries sperm during orgasm. This fluid, produced in the prostate, is stored with sperm in the seminal vesicles. When the male climaxes, muscular contractions cause the prostate to secrete this fluid into the urethra, where it is expelled from the body through the penis.

Urine Flow

The prostate wraps itself around the urethra as it passes from the bladder to the penis. Prostatic changes can affect urine flow. Increasing the size of the prostate or muscle tone may impede the flow of urine due to the close anatomical relationship between the urethra and the prostate.

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

The prostate also produces a protein called prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is released with the ejaculatory fluid and can also be traced in the bloodstream. The testing of PSA levels in the blood is used to detect prostate cancer. The level of PSA in the blood is usually measured in nanograms of PSA per milliliter of blood (ng/mL).

A raised PSA level

Usually, a PSA rate of less than 4 nanograms per milliliter of blood is normal, but age should also be taken into consideration as PSA levels gradually increase with age. A rise in PSA concentration may indicate the presence of:

  • An enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
  • An inflammation or infection of the prostate (prostatitis)
  • A prostate cancer

Your doctor will have you undergo other tests to determine the exact cause of the increase in your PSA.

We are here for you

You have questions or concerns? Don’t hesitate. Contact us at 1-855-899-2873 to discuss with one of our nurses specialized in uro-oncology. They are there to listen, support and answer your questions, and those of your family or your loved ones. It’s simple and free, like all of our other services.

Also take the time to visit each of our pages on this website, as well as our YouTube channel, in order to get familiar with the disease, our expert lectures, our section on available resources, the support that is offered to you, our events and ways to get involved to advance the cause..

 

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Sources and references

Last medical and editorial review: September 2023
Written by PROCURE. © All rights reserved

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