Bienfaits des protéines de soya
- Votre alimentation
- Bienfaits des protéines de soya
- Anatomy
- Structure
- Function
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Bienfaits des protéines de soya
Le soya contient des antioxydants, nommés polyphénols, susceptibles d’inhiber la croissance des tumeurs. On les retrouve dans: fromage de soya, fèves de soya, lait de soya, noix de soya, protéines de soya en poudre, yogourt au soya, tofu, céréales de soya et substituts de viande.
On conseille également de réduire ou d’éliminer la viande rouge des menus. Idéalement, seulement 15% des calories ingérées par jour devraient provenir de matières grasses.
Les fèves de soya font partie de la grande famille des légumineuses, comme les haricots, les pois secs, les lentilles et les pois chiches. Originaire d’Asie et cultivé en Chine depuis 13 000 ans, le soya est un des premiers aliments que l’être humain a fait pousser.
Sa valeur nutritive
Le soya est un aliment ayant une valeur nutritive intéressante. En effet, 250 ml (1 tasse) de fèves de soya cuites contiennent autant de protéines que 100 g de viande, de volaille ou de poisson cuits. De plus, contrairement aux autres légumineuses, la qualité des protéines du soya se compare bien avec celle des protéines de la viande. Le soya est aussi une excellente source de minéraux, dont le calcium, le fer et le zinc.
Toutes les légumineuses, dont le soya, ne contiennent pas de cholestérol. Et même si le contenu en matières grasses du soya est légèrement plus élevé que celui des autres légumineuses, on n’y retrouve que de bons gras: des gras monoinsaturés et polyinsaturés, dont les oméga-3!
Comment les consommer?
Les produits du soya sont fabriqués à partir des fèves de soya. Ils gagnent à être connus afin de se faire une place à notre menu. Les épiceries offrent une variété de produits de soya. Faisons le tour de la question afin de mieux s’y retrouver.
Le tofu
Aliment versatile, le tofu a un goût neutre et est offert en plusieurs textures. Le tofu ferme ou extra ferme peut être utilisé dans les sautés de légumes, les soupes, les sauces pour les pâtes, etc. Le tofu soyeux est idéal pour la préparation de sauces lisses, trempettes, desserts crémeux, boissons fouettées ou potages.
Les fèves de soya rôties
Les fèves sont trempées dans l’eau, puis rôties dans l’huile ou à la chaleur sèche. Avec leur goût qui se rapproche de celui des arachides, les fèves de soya rôties sont vendues nature, salées ou assaisonnées.
Leur valeur nutritive est particulièrement intéressante, comparativement à une même quantité d’amandes. Les fèves de soya rôties à l’huile contiennent 2 fois plus de protéines et 30% moins de gras! Notez que ces produits demeurent tout de même des aliments riches en matières grasses, puisqu’une portion de 40 g contient 11 g de gras.
Les boissons de soya
Les boissons de soya sont obtenues à partir des fèves de soya broyées dont on a extrait un liquide ayant l’apparence du lait.
Le contenu en protéines des boissons de soya varie en fonction de la quantité de soya présent : on retrouve des teneurs en protéines allant de 5 à 9 g par 250 ml (1 tasse). Pour fournir un apport suffisant en protéines, les boissons de soya contenant plus de 7 g par 250 ml sont conseillées, puisqu’une tasse de lait renferme environ 8,5 grammes de protéines. Cependant, les boissons de soya ne peuvent remplacer le lait à moins qu’elles ne soient enrichies.
En effet, la teneur en calcium, en vitamines D, B2, B12, A et en zinc des boissons de soya enrichies est égale ou supérieure (vitamine B12) à celle du lait. Le contenu en fer des boissons de soya est également un avantage à ne pas négliger, car il fournit en moyenne de 8 à 14 % de l’apport quotidien recommandé en fer (ce qui représente de 1 à 2 mg de fer par tasse de boisson de soya).
Les boissons de soya nature peuvent être bues telles quelles ou encore incorporées partout où on utiliserait du lait de vache: dans le thé ou le café, versées sur les céréales ou pour la cuisson des sauces, des potages, etc.
On this page:
Discover our animated video!
Symptoms, risk and screening
Are you over 50 years old, or have you been having urinary problems for some time now? This video is for you! Several diseases can affect your prostate, and it’s important to detect them early. Let’s take a closer look.
Anatomy
What is the prostate
The prostate is a gland:
- Located between the bladder and the penis, just in front of the rectum;
- Formed of 2 lobes which surround the urethra, a canal that runs through the center of the prostate, from the bladder to the penis, letting urine and sperm flow out of the body;
- The size of a walnut, which grows larger in size in your forties;
- That has a soft, spongy texture to the touch like a small, ripe plum.
The prostate is made of:
- Gland cells that secrete liquids for ejaculation;
- Muscle cells that participate in the evacuation of your sperm during ejaculation;
- Fiber cells that maintain the structure of the gland.
Around the prostate, we find:
- The seminal vesicles, glands that produce sperm and that are located on either side of the prostate;
- The vas deferens, the tube that carries sperm from the testicle to the seminal vesicles;
- The nerve bundles that control your bladder and erectile function and that are located on either side of your prostate.
Structure
Three main zones of the prostate
Peripheral zone
- The peripheral zone is the largest area of the prostate. It can easily be felt by the doctor during a digital rectal exam (DRE).
- Most prostate cancers start in the peripheral zone.
Transition zone
- This is the area located in the middle of the prostate, between the peripheral and central areas. It surrounds your urethra that runs through the prostate.
- With age, the transitional area increases in size until it becomes the largest portion of your prostate. This is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or enlarged prostate.
Central zone
- It is the part of the prostate that is farthest from the rectum. This is why prostate tumors located in this area can not be felt by the doctor during a digital rectal examination.
- If the doctor is in doubt, the following information will help decide if additional investigation is necessary:
- Your PSA level
- Your age and family history
- Your ethnic origin
Fonction
In short
Your fertility and natural fertilization
- It produces … a prostatic fluid rich in enzymes, proteins and minerals that nourishes and protects your spermatozoa.
- It makes … a protein (APS) that is used to liquefy your sperm to facilitate the mobility of your spermatozoa.
- It allows … ejaculation by contracting.
- It promotes … fertility through its enzymes facilitating the penetration of sperm through the cervix.
- It is not related to the mechanism of erection. Therefore, the origin of erectile dysfunction lies elsewhere.
Additional details
Exocrine Function
The prostate is made up of thousands of tiny fluid-producing glands. Specifically, the prostate is an exocrine gland. Exocrine glands are so-called because they secrete through ducts to the outside of the body (or into a cavity that communicates with the outside). Sweat glands are another example of an exocrine gland.
The fluid that the prostate gland produces forms part of semen, the fluid that carries sperm during orgasm. This fluid, produced in the prostate, is stored with sperm in the seminal vesicles. When the male climaxes, muscular contractions cause the prostate to secrete this fluid into the urethra, where it is expelled from the body through the penis.
Urine Flow
The prostate wraps itself around the urethra as it passes from the bladder to the penis. Prostatic changes can affect urine flow. Increasing the size of the prostate or muscle tone may impede the flow of urine due to the close anatomical relationship between the urethra and the prostate.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
The prostate also produces a protein called prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is released with the ejaculatory fluid and can also be traced in the bloodstream. The testing of PSA levels in the blood is used to detect prostate cancer. The level of PSA in the blood is usually measured in nanograms of PSA per milliliter of blood (ng/mL).
A raised PSA level
Usually, a PSA rate of less than 4 nanograms per milliliter of blood is normal, but age should also be taken into consideration as PSA levels gradually increase with age. A rise in PSA concentration may indicate the presence of:
- An enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
- An inflammation or infection of the prostate (prostatitis)
- A prostate cancer
Your doctor will have you undergo other tests to determine the exact cause of the increase in your PSA.
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Sources and references
- Prostate Cancer – Understand the disease and its treatments; Fred Saad, MD, FRCSC and Michael McCormack, MD, FRCSC, 4th et 5th editions
- Canadian Cancer Society
- Prostate Cancer Foundation-PCF.org
- National Cancer Institute-USA
- American Cancer Society
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Prostate Cancer UK
Last medical and editorial review: September 2023
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