Vitamine – Fonction – Sources alimentaires
- Médecine alternative
- Vitamine – Fonction – Sources alimentaires
- Anatomy
- Structure
- Function
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Vitamine – Fonction – Sources alimentaires
Quel aliment fournit quelle vitamine? L’information suivante vous aidera à comprendre pourquoi il est important de consommer certaines vitamines courantes en quantité suffisante. Vous y trouverez également les meilleures sources alimentaires de ces vitamines.
Vitamine B1 (Thiamine)
Aide à la production d’énergie dans le corps.
Sources – Grains entiers, produits céréaliers enrichis, foie, porc, légumineuses, noix et grains
Vitamine B2 (Riboflavine)
Aide à la production d’énergie dans le corps et aide votre corps à utiliser les autres vitamines B.
Sources – Fèves de soya, viande et volaille, foie et œufs, champignons, lait, fromage, œufs, grains entiers et produits céréaliers enrichis
Vitamine B3 (Niacine)
Permet à votre corps d’utiliser les protéines, les lipides et les glucides contenus dans les aliments. Elle facilite le travail des enzymes dans le corps.
Sources – Champignons, beurre d’arachide, viande, poisson, volatile, grains entiers et produits céréaliers enrichis
Biotine
Permet à votre corps d’utiliser les protéines, les lipides et les glucides contenus dans les aliments.
Sources – Patates douces, lait faible en gras, yagourt, arachides, amandes, œufs, foie, protéine de soya
Vitamine B6 (Pyridoxine)
Aide à fabriquer et utiliser les protéines et le glycogène qui servent d’énergie dans les muscles et le foie et aide à la formation de l’hémoglobine qui transporte l’oxygène dans le sang.
Sources – Pommes de terre, bananes, son 100%, avoine instantanée, viande, poisson, volaille, foie, fèves de soya, pois chiches, lentilles, pistaches, noix, graines de tournesol
Vitamine B12 (Cobalamine)
Travaille avec l’acide folique pour fabriquer de l’AND et aide à la fabrication de cellules sanguines saine. Une faible concentration sanguine de cette vitamine peut provoquer une forme d’anémie.
Elle aide également au bon fonctionnement des nerfs.
Sources – Lait, fromage, boisson au yaourt, boissons de soja ou de riz enrichies, viande, poisson, volaille, foie, œufs, produits de soja enrichi
Acide folique
L’acide folique est le type de folate qui est inclus dans les suppléments de vitamines; Il aide à produire et maintenir l’ADN et les cellules et aide à produire les cellules rouges et à prévenir l’anémie.
Il est présent dans les suppléments et ajouté dans les aliments enrichis.
Sources – Asperges, épinard bouilli, laitue romaine, choux de Bruxelles, betteraves, brocoli, maïs, pois verts, oranges, jus d’orange, pain, pâte enrichies, germe de blé, foie, haricots secs, soja, pois chiches, lentilles, graines de tournesol, graine de lin.
Vitamine C
Elle peut aider à prévenir la détérioration des cellules et réduire le risque de certains cancers, de maladies du cœur et d’autres maladies. De plus, elle contribue à la guérison des coupures et plaies et favorise la santé des gencives. Par ailleurs, elle protège des infections en maintenant le système immunitaire en santé. Elle accroît la quantité de fer issu des aliments qu’absorbe l’organisme.
Sources – Les agrumes tels que les oranges, les pamplemousses et leur jus, les kiwis, les fraises, les mangues, la papaye. Les poivrons jaunes et verts, le brocoli, les choux de Bruxelles, les tomates et les légumes-feuilles foncés crus.
Vitamine A
Améliore la vision nocturne Protège contre les infections en maintenant la peau et d’autres parties du corps en santé et aide à la croissance et au développement du corps
Sources – Foie, quelques poisons, lait, fromage
Caroténoïdes (alpha, bêtacarotène et bêta-cryptoxanthine)
Les caroténoides ne sont pas des vitamines mais certains types sont transformés en vitamine A dans le corps. Ils agissent comme antioxidants qui protègent le corps des dommages causés par des molécules appelées radicaux libres.
Sources – Cantaloup, pamplemousse rose, tomates, brocoli, légumes-feuilles vert foncé comme les épinards, les feuilles de betterave et la bette à cardes, légumes orangé foncé comme les carottes et les patates douces.
Vitamine D
Augmente l’absorption du calcium et du phosphore provenant des aliments dans le corps. Elle dépose le calcium et le phosphore dans les os et les dents, les rendant ainsi plus solides et plus sains et protège le système immunitaire contre les infections.
Sources – Lait, boissons de riz et de soja enrichies, margarine enrichie, quelques poissons, œufs, abats rouges, huiles de foie de poisson.
Vitamine E
Aide à maintenir le système immunitaire et autres fonctions corporelles en santé.
Sources – Huiles végétales, patates douces, légumes-feuilles verts crus, germe de blé, graines de tournesol, noix, beurre d’arachides.
Vitamine K
Produit les protéines qui permettent la coagulation lorsque nous saignons. Elle participe à la fabrication de protéines corporelles du sang, des os et des reins.
Sources – Brocoli, fèves de soya, légumes-feuilles verts crus ou cuits comme le chou frisé, chou vert, les feuilles de navet /betterave et les épinards.
On this page:
Discover our animated video!
Symptoms, risk and screening
Are you over 50 years old, or have you been having urinary problems for some time now? This video is for you! Several diseases can affect your prostate, and it’s important to detect them early. Let’s take a closer look.
Anatomy
What is the prostate
The prostate is a gland:
- Located between the bladder and the penis, just in front of the rectum;
- Formed of 2 lobes which surround the urethra, a canal that runs through the center of the prostate, from the bladder to the penis, letting urine and sperm flow out of the body;
- The size of a walnut, which grows larger in size in your forties;
- That has a soft, spongy texture to the touch like a small, ripe plum.
The prostate is made of:
- Gland cells that secrete liquids for ejaculation;
- Muscle cells that participate in the evacuation of your sperm during ejaculation;
- Fiber cells that maintain the structure of the gland.
Around the prostate, we find:
- The seminal vesicles, glands that produce sperm and that are located on either side of the prostate;
- The vas deferens, the tube that carries sperm from the testicle to the seminal vesicles;
- The nerve bundles that control your bladder and erectile function and that are located on either side of your prostate.
Structure
Three main zones of the prostate
Peripheral zone
- The peripheral zone is the largest area of the prostate. It can easily be felt by the doctor during a digital rectal exam (DRE).
- Most prostate cancers start in the peripheral zone.
Transition zone
- This is the area located in the middle of the prostate, between the peripheral and central areas. It surrounds your urethra that runs through the prostate.
- With age, the transitional area increases in size until it becomes the largest portion of your prostate. This is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or enlarged prostate.
Central zone
- It is the part of the prostate that is farthest from the rectum. This is why prostate tumors located in this area can not be felt by the doctor during a digital rectal examination.
- If the doctor is in doubt, the following information will help decide if additional investigation is necessary:
- Your PSA level
- Your age and family history
- Your ethnic origin
Fonction
In short
Your fertility and natural fertilization
- It produces … a prostatic fluid rich in enzymes, proteins and minerals that nourishes and protects your spermatozoa.
- It makes … a protein (APS) that is used to liquefy your sperm to facilitate the mobility of your spermatozoa.
- It allows … ejaculation by contracting.
- It promotes … fertility through its enzymes facilitating the penetration of sperm through the cervix.
- It is not related to the mechanism of erection. Therefore, the origin of erectile dysfunction lies elsewhere.
Additional details
Exocrine Function
The prostate is made up of thousands of tiny fluid-producing glands. Specifically, the prostate is an exocrine gland. Exocrine glands are so-called because they secrete through ducts to the outside of the body (or into a cavity that communicates with the outside). Sweat glands are another example of an exocrine gland.
The fluid that the prostate gland produces forms part of semen, the fluid that carries sperm during orgasm. This fluid, produced in the prostate, is stored with sperm in the seminal vesicles. When the male climaxes, muscular contractions cause the prostate to secrete this fluid into the urethra, where it is expelled from the body through the penis.
Urine Flow
The prostate wraps itself around the urethra as it passes from the bladder to the penis. Prostatic changes can affect urine flow. Increasing the size of the prostate or muscle tone may impede the flow of urine due to the close anatomical relationship between the urethra and the prostate.
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
The prostate also produces a protein called prostate-specific antigen (PSA). PSA is released with the ejaculatory fluid and can also be traced in the bloodstream. The testing of PSA levels in the blood is used to detect prostate cancer. The level of PSA in the blood is usually measured in nanograms of PSA per milliliter of blood (ng/mL).
A raised PSA level
Usually, a PSA rate of less than 4 nanograms per milliliter of blood is normal, but age should also be taken into consideration as PSA levels gradually increase with age. A rise in PSA concentration may indicate the presence of:
- An enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
- An inflammation or infection of the prostate (prostatitis)
- A prostate cancer
Your doctor will have you undergo other tests to determine the exact cause of the increase in your PSA.
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Also take the time to visit each of our pages on this website, as well as our YouTube channel, in order to get familiar with the disease, our expert lectures, our section on available resources, the support that is offered to you, our events and ways to get involved to advance the cause..
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Sources and references
- Prostate Cancer – Understand the disease and its treatments; Fred Saad, MD, FRCSC and Michael McCormack, MD, FRCSC, 4th et 5th editions
- Canadian Cancer Society
- Prostate Cancer Foundation-PCF.org
- National Cancer Institute-USA
- American Cancer Society
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Prostate Cancer UK
Last medical and editorial review: September 2023
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